No photo
A130.9.1
I.1.2.2
100 Chokhs - 1898. Not known in collections.
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REVERSE
Description of the banknote: Russian-Chinese Bank. Harbin Branch. 100 Chokha banknote 1898.
300 chokha banknote 1898.
Banknote 500 chokha 1898.
{SH2.0: §II. F-A/a} {§III} 1.1. Issue: Russian-Chinese Bank. Harbin Branch. 1898 banknote issue in chokhs. 2.1. Choh: The only bargaining chip in K. is qian or tong-qian. In our country it is called choh (from the Mongolian name of its zhos, zhogos), in European literature - cash, cash (from caixa - a tin coin found in 1511 in Macau), or sapek, sapèque (from sapek - a coin in Tonkin). Currently, these qian or chokhi are cast from an alloy of copper (60 or 46 parts) and zinc (with a small amount of tin, 40 or 54 parts), their shape is round (0.8 inches across) with a square hole in the middle. On the front side there are 4 characters crosswise: the first two represent the name of the years of reign (nian-hao) of the emperor in which the coin is cast, and the last two are read tun-bao (walking, common coin). Inscriptions of this kind have been cast on coins since the Tang Dynasty (and instead of tong-bao, the expression yuan-bao was also used). Previously, only two hieroglyphs were cast on coins, indicating the weight of the coin (wu-zhu, si-zhu 1/5 and 1/6 ounces). In the old days, hieroglyphs of Zhuan handwriting were used on coins, the Yuan (Mongolian) dynasty even introduced its own square font, but now ordinary handwriting is constantly used. The peculiarity of the coins of the current dynasty is that the place of casting the coin is indicated on the back, or in Manchu script (boo-yuan is the mint of the Ministry of Works, boo-chuan is the mint of the Ministry of Finance, etc.), or mixed - one hieroglyph and one Manchu word (the word boo or transcription of this hieroglyph); in the latter case, the coin is cast in some province, and this character is taken from the name of the province or its main city, for example, dong on coins cast in Canton (Guang-dong), chan on coins cast in Hu-bay (ch. Wu-chan-fu), etc. On coins circulating in Turkestan, inscriptions are made in the local language, as well as in Tibet. Chokhs are usually strung on strings and are considered bundles. In a bunch (i-diao-qian) there should be 1000 coins (in this case called lao-qian, "old chokhs"), but this rarely happens, usually in a bunch there are 500 (and even 498) chokhs, considered for 1000 nominal (i.e. 1 choh for 2 nominal, this is a bill for jing-qian, "metropolitan chohs"). There is also an account for xiao-qian, "small chokhs," in which 160-162 chokhs are considered for 1000 nominal. In general, the account for chokhi in K. is extremely diverse. In Beijing, "big chokhs" (da-qian) circulate, with the inscription dan-shi (worth 10 chokhs), considered 20 nominal, and thus there are only 49 coins per 1000 nominal chokhs. There is no gold and silver coin in K. Gold is treated as a commodity, in 10-ounce (liang) bars. Silver is also accepted by weight, and counting is on ounces or lianas (we have lans); thus, a fictitious silver liang coin (dan or Tael) is obtained, the hundredth part (by weight) of which is called kandaren (in Chinese, fyn) by Europeans. Silver ingots come in three sizes: large (yuan-bao, from where the Russian yamba) in 50-51 liang with a small one, medium in 10 and more liang and small about 5 liang. For small bills, pieces of silver cut off from ingots are used. In addition, there are many piastres and Mexican dollars in K.; recently, Chinese dollars began to be cast (in southern ports), with small units. Russian rubles are freely accepted in Beijing and Mongolia, 0.45 lianas are considered in them by weight. In international relations, an account has been adopted for the so-called customs lans (hai-guan-liang) of a higher rate (an average of 5 francs 93 centimes each). For the exchange of silver for chokhi, there are special shops everywhere. The rate changes in big cities twice a day and depends on the cash of silver and the demand for it. The average number is considered to be about 1600 real chokhs (Lao Qian) in Lan.In large cities, banking offices and trading companies, and in small points - the so-called mortgage shops (dan-pu) issue private paper signs (called te-tza - "tickets," piao-tza - "banknotes" and "qian-piao" - "banknotes"), which are addressed only in the city or place where they are issued, and nearby (due to the possibility of exchanging cash at any time, xian-qian). The security is the goods and all property of the company; in addition, the guarantee of other companies is required (including 5). Such paper signs appeared in the 7th century, but their use reached development only in the 10th century. They were called differently: fei-qian - "flying money," dan-pyao - "tickets for mortgage shops," bian-qian - "convenient money," etc. They were also issued by the government (starting with Tang Xian-zong, 806-820), often in huge quantities, which is why they quickly lost value, and they had to be withdrawn from circulation. Currently, the appearance of these private paper signs is very diverse, but they all represent printed forms (including, among other things, the city, the name of the company that issued them and its address)on which already by hand (by the same person, if possible, on all tickets, to avoid counterfeiting) in the corresponding empty places, the number, year, month and number and number of dyao - bundles of chokhs are put (the latter is very diverse, depending on the account for chokhs). All this is entered into the main book of the company, in which you can always find an indication of how many numbers have been issued and how many dyao a ticket under such and such a number. Then other firms that come across someone's ticket also make, for their part, a note, and the more notes on the ticket, the more reliable it is. The government in K. often pays the same tickets in case of a lack of silver: local authorities take these tickets from large firms and give them a salary; having received silver, the authorities pay the debt (not without benefit for themselves, as they use the exchange rate difference). ESBE. Russia, St. Petersburg, 1890-1907 3.1. Istomin M.I. Banknotes of "Russian China" Publishing house Ivanchenko I.S., Kharkov 2014 3.2. Kuznetsov A.Yu., Paramonov O.V. Paper money of Russian China. 2023 {Catalog code - "K-P "} 3.3. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, Specialized Issues. Krause Publications; Twelfth Edition (12) (18. Dezember 2013)
No photo
A130.10.1
I.1.2.3a
300 chokhs - 1898. With Russian text. Blue rice.
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A130.10.2
I.1.2.3b
300 chokhs - 1898. Without Russian text. Orange rice.
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REVERSE
Description of the banknote: Russian-Chinese Bank. Harbin Branch. 300 chokha banknote 1898.
No photo
A130.11.1
I.1.2.4
500 chokhs - 1898. Not known in collections.
OBVERSE
REVERSE
Description of the banknote: Russian-Chinese Bank. Harbin Branch. Banknote 500 chokha 1898.
1. Issue description:
2. Notes:
3. Literature:
